proiecte:microsal
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proiecte:microsal [2017/02/09 16:57] adrian.nitu [Microsal] |
proiecte:microsal [2017/03/27 19:13] (current) adrian.nitu [UI improve] |
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| ====== Microsal ====== | ====== Microsal ====== | ||
| - | [[mail: | + | **[[mail: |
| Dental Implant With Contact Nano-Sensors for the Treatment of Xerostomia | Dental Implant With Contact Nano-Sensors for the Treatment of Xerostomia | ||
| - | Microsal represents the collaboration of multiple faculties with the purpose to create a **micro-embedded device** meant to alleviate symptoms of [[https:// | + | Microsal represents the collaboration of multiple faculties with the purpose to create a third generation |
| - | ===== Hardware ===== | ||
| + | The current iteration of this project has already been investigated in a diploma project and already presented at an embedded devices conference and at a medical workshop with plans to demonstrate crrent research stages. | ||
| + | This chapter will describe the current iteration and some of the design choices. | ||
| + | Microsal represents the research efforts of multiple faculties to create a third-generation implant-supported neuro-electrostimulation embedded device. This research report will only report on the hardware/ | ||
| + | The information taken from the sensors will be used to determine if the patient’s condition is deteriorating or improving over time, providing valuable insight on the effectiveness of the treatment. This represents the next logical step for the evolution of the generational prototypes. Also, to facilitate communication to the device we have decided to use a chip that has a Bluetooth Low Energy component integrated inside. The NRF51822 chip, by Nordic Semiconductors fits the bill, being a highly advanced ARM microcontroller, | ||
| + | The high level design is described in the design figures | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{: | ||
| {{: | {{: | ||
| - | ===== Requirements ===== | ||
| - | \section{Next iteration/ | + | Relative size of the embedded device |
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | + | {{: |
| - | \centering | + | |
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{board} | + | |
| - | \caption{PCB design of the Microsal Embedded Device. Multiple pads are present in order to have add-on connection to the sensors, after the electrical components are soldered on} | + | |
| - | \label{fig: | + | |
| - | \end{figure} | + | |
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | + | {{: |
| - | \centering | + | {{:proiecte: |
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{screw} | + | |
| - | \caption{Design of the casing that will hold the device. Notice the fillet that allows for the upper part removal and the hole inside the upper cap that allows for wireless signal comunication} | + | |
| - | \label{fig:screw} | + | |
| - | \end{figure} | + | |
| - | \begin{figure*}[!t] | + | high level designs |
| - | \centering | + | |
| - | \subfloat[Case I]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{big}% | + | |
| - | \label{big}} | + | |
| - | \hfil | + | |
| - | \subfloat[Case II]{\includegraphics[width=2.5in]{small}% | + | |
| - | \label{small}} | + | |
| - | \caption{Relative size of the embedded device} | + | |
| - | \label{fig: | + | |
| - | \end{figure*} | + | |
| + | |||
| + | ===== Requirements ===== | ||
| After testing out the original version we realized that there is still room for improvement. The most important thing we must improve on is the size, currently the design fits inside a cylindrical case of 13.5x6 mm. | After testing out the original version we realized that there is still room for improvement. The most important thing we must improve on is the size, currently the design fits inside a cylindrical case of 13.5x6 mm. | ||
| Line 47: | Line 36: | ||
| Also, the Android reference application and the firmware must be updated to include the following features: | Also, the Android reference application and the firmware must be updated to include the following features: | ||
| - | \subsection{Sending sensor data in bulk} | + | **Sending sensor data in bulk** |
| Currently the Microsal device must be polled in order to obtain the sensor information. This modification would provide great advantages in battery saving, as the device can spend more time in the sleep phase, instead of constantly transmitting sensor data. This improvement would also mean setting up buffers and improving the communication protocol between the Microsal and the Android device. | Currently the Microsal device must be polled in order to obtain the sensor information. This modification would provide great advantages in battery saving, as the device can spend more time in the sleep phase, instead of constantly transmitting sensor data. This improvement would also mean setting up buffers and improving the communication protocol between the Microsal and the Android device. | ||
| - | \subsection{synchronization with timestamp} | + | **synchronization with timestamp** |
| This modification proposes creating a BLE characteristic that would represent an encoded structure that would report the pH and the humidity correlated with timestamp information. We are debating if there would be a need for the device to know the actual time or just the time since boot would be enough. Each approach has limitations and challenges. | This modification proposes creating a BLE characteristic that would represent an encoded structure that would report the pH and the humidity correlated with timestamp information. We are debating if there would be a need for the device to know the actual time or just the time since boot would be enough. Each approach has limitations and challenges. | ||
| - | \subsection{Better battery prediction} | + | **Better battery prediction** |
| Currently the batteries have very flat voltage drop off curves, meaning that without a strong correlation between battery characteristics and measurement capability, we are put in the position where the battery can simply fizzle out with little warning. | Currently the batteries have very flat voltage drop off curves, meaning that without a strong correlation between battery characteristics and measurement capability, we are put in the position where the battery can simply fizzle out with little warning. | ||
| - | \subsection{UI improvements and separation of patient/ | + | **UI improvements and separation of patient/ |
| The final version of the Android application must have two different UIs, one for the patient, which only reports data for the user’s devices, and does not allow the user to reconfigure his device, and the medical technician version, that has discovery mechanisms and is capable of more advanced probing and configuration of current devices. | The final version of the Android application must have two different UIs, one for the patient, which only reports data for the user’s devices, and does not allow the user to reconfigure his device, and the medical technician version, that has discovery mechanisms and is capable of more advanced probing and configuration of current devices. | ||
| - | \subsection{Newer iterations of the design require far smaller dimensions for the device casing, which also means less available space for the batteries and electronics.} | + | **Newer iterations of the design require far smaller dimensions for the device casing, which also means less available space for the batteries and electronics.** |
| The most important constraint and metric for the success of the project remains the size of the device, it must be reduced as much as possible in order to ensure user adoption. Currently, the device is large enough that teeth from lower and the upper jaw need to be sculpted in order for the device to be attached. | The most important constraint and metric for the success of the project remains the size of the device, it must be reduced as much as possible in order to ensure user adoption. Currently, the device is large enough that teeth from lower and the upper jaw need to be sculpted in order for the device to be attached. | ||
| - | \subsection{Power optimizations} | + | **Power optimizations** |
| For example, determine the lowest power configuration that still preserves the neuro-electro-stimulation effect. Another optimization that must be implemented is the monitoring and incorporating feedback loops from the sensors, a reasonable salivary response should not be over-stimulated. The second most important metric for the project’s success, after the device’s size, is the lifespan of the device’s battery. Naturally, a device with a longer span is to be desired, but a minimum battery life of several weeks is required in order to ensure user adoption. Note that the device cannot be recharged, as the electronic logic for charging simply cannot be integrated into such little space. | For example, determine the lowest power configuration that still preserves the neuro-electro-stimulation effect. Another optimization that must be implemented is the monitoring and incorporating feedback loops from the sensors, a reasonable salivary response should not be over-stimulated. The second most important metric for the project’s success, after the device’s size, is the lifespan of the device’s battery. Naturally, a device with a longer span is to be desired, but a minimum battery life of several weeks is required in order to ensure user adoption. Note that the device cannot be recharged, as the electronic logic for charging simply cannot be integrated into such little space. | ||
| - | ===== Results ===== | ||
| - | {{: | + | < |
| - | + | **Generations** | |
| - | UI | + | |
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| - | Generations | + | |
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| - | ===== Text Dump ===== | + | |
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| - | \section{Related work} | + | |
| - | The paper Neuroelectrostimulation in Treatment | + | |
| - | The inflammation and infection issues that usually accompany xerostomia can be successfully managed using modern medicine techniques, however, a solution is needed that is as non-invasive as possible, and that increases the comfort of the patients. | + | |
| - | It is noted that xerostomia affects mostly old people, almost never children. This fact might be related to neurological effects, perhaps reflecting the anticholinergic action of many drugs; An anticholinergic is a neuro-transmitter blocker. Also, interestingly, | + | |
| - | This supports the theory that, in most cases, the salivary glands appear to be functional, and that merely the neurological system is disrupted. A stimulation of the neurological signal should be enough to resolve the issues for most people. | + | |
| - | Therefore the neurological control of salivary secretion represents the basis for a novel therapeutic approach. The paper distinguishes 3 generations; | + | |
| \subsection{1st Generation} | \subsection{1st Generation} | ||
| The first generation is represented by a single project: a clunky system with a tongue suppressor probe. Although large, expensive, and somewhat not portable (While the device could run on batteries, it’s size and the size of the probe made multi-tasking hard), the device proved the effectiveness of the neuro-elecro-stimulation procedure in alleviating symptoms. As the device gave promising results in proof-of principle clinical studies and did cause any local or systemic adverse effects, it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1988 (PMA No. P860067) | The first generation is represented by a single project: a clunky system with a tongue suppressor probe. Although large, expensive, and somewhat not portable (While the device could run on batteries, it’s size and the size of the probe made multi-tasking hard), the device proved the effectiveness of the neuro-elecro-stimulation procedure in alleviating symptoms. As the device gave promising results in proof-of principle clinical studies and did cause any local or systemic adverse effects, it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1988 (PMA No. P860067) | ||
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | + | {{: |
| - | \centering | + | First-generation neuroelectrostimulation device consisted of a hand-held probe, tipped with stainless steel electrodes, and a console that housed a battery and the electronic signal-generating power source, the size and shape of which were similar to a video or CD player |
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{1st} | + | |
| - | \caption{First-generation neuroelectrostimulation device consisted of a hand-held probe, tipped with stainless steel electrodes, and a console that housed a battery and the electronic signal-generating power source, the size and shape of which were similar to a video or CD player} | + | |
| - | \label{fig: | + | |
| - | \end{figure} | + | |
| \subsection{2nd generation} | \subsection{2nd generation} | ||
| Line 104: | Line 62: | ||
| Second-generation removable device consists of 3 components: a miniaturized electronic stimulator that has a signal generator, power source, and conducting circuitry; an intra-oral removable appliance; an infrared remote control. | Second-generation removable device consists of 3 components: a miniaturized electronic stimulator that has a signal generator, power source, and conducting circuitry; an intra-oral removable appliance; an infrared remote control. | ||
| The second most important aspect that the second generation improved upon is that now, the device can be worn non-invasively and controlled remotely through the day. | The second most important aspect that the second generation improved upon is that now, the device can be worn non-invasively and controlled remotely through the day. | ||
| - | + | {{: | |
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | + | The miniaturized electronic stimulator is mounted in a removable intraoral appliance (A), which is under remote control that activates the stimulator (B). This device is applied into the mouth in a noninvasive manner (C) |
| - | \centering | + | |
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{2nd} | + | |
| - | \caption{The miniaturized electronic stimulator is mounted in a removable intraoral appliance (A), which is under remote control that activates the stimulator (B). This device is applied into the mouth in a noninvasive manner (C)} | + | |
| - | \label{fig: | + | |
| - | \end{figure} | + | |
| \subsection{3rd generation} | \subsection{3rd generation} | ||
| The third generation takes the process of reducing size to an extreme, creating a device that is small enough to completely fit inside a tooth. This allows for for an implant-supported neuro-electrostimulating device that can be permanently applied into the oral cavity, screwed onto an osteo-integrated dental implant inserted in the third molar area. | The third generation takes the process of reducing size to an extreme, creating a device that is small enough to completely fit inside a tooth. This allows for for an implant-supported neuro-electrostimulating device that can be permanently applied into the oral cavity, screwed onto an osteo-integrated dental implant inserted in the third molar area. | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| + | Figure shows the implantation procedure and application of the device. Transmucosal exposure of mandibular bone (A) is followed by preparation of the implant bed in mandibular bone (B) and insertion of the dental root implant (C). The neuro-electrostimulating device is shown in its applicator (D) and mounted onto the root implant (E). A radiograph of the implant-supported device is shown (F). | ||
| + | </ | ||
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | ||
| - | \centering | ||
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{3rd} | ||
| - | \caption{Figure shows the implantation procedure and application of the device. Transmucosal exposure of mandibular bone (A) is followed by preparation of the implant bed in mandibular bone (B) and insertion of the dental root implant (C). The neuro-electrostimulating device is shown in its applicator (D) and mounted onto the root implant (E). A radiograph of the implant-supported device is shown (F).} | ||
| - | \label{fig: | ||
| - | \end{figure} | ||
| - | \section{Workshop and diploma project presentation} | ||
| - | This project is a continuation of my diploma project. Following, a short explanation of the project | ||
| - | \subsection{Hardware} | ||
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | ||
| - | \centering | ||
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{high-level} | ||
| - | \caption{High level design of the Microsal Embedded Device. There are two main sensors, one for PH, the other for humidity connected to a high end micro-controller, | ||
| - | \label{fig: | ||
| - | \end{figure} | ||
| - | The current iteration of this project has already been investigated in a diploma project and already presented at an embedded devices conference[2] and at a medical workshop [1] with plans to demonstrate crrent research stages. | + | ==== Waveform==== |
| - | This chapter will describe the current iteration and some of the design choices. | + | |
| - | Microsal represents the research efforts of multiple faculties to create a third-generation implant-supported neuro-electrostimulation embedded device. This research report will only report on the hardware/ | + | |
| - | The information taken from the sensors will be used to determine if the patient’s condition is deteriorating or improving over time, providing valuable insight on the effectiveness of the treatment. This represents the next logical step for the evolution of the generational prototypes. Also, to facilitate communication to the device we have decided to use a chip that has a Bluetooth Low Energy component integrated inside. The NRF51822 chip, by Nordic Semiconductors fits the bill, being a highly advanced ARM microcontroller, | + | |
| - | The high level design is described in Fig \ref{fig: | + | |
| - | \subsection{Waveform} | + | {{: |
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | + | Waveform pattern , composed of multiple sets of pulses. The sets of pulses are represented as blue and each individual pulse as green. The system works as well just in the presence of the positive front of each pulse. |
| - | \centering | + | |
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{waveform} | + | |
| - | \caption{Waveform pattern , composed of multiple sets of pulses. The sets of pulses are represented as blue and each individual pulse as green. The system works as well just in the presence of the positive front of each pulse.} | + | |
| - | \label{fig: | + | |
| - | \end{figure} | + | |
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | ||
| - | \centering | ||
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{protdes} | ||
| - | \caption{High level design of the prototype that was used in experimentally determining which values of the signal parameters are crucial} | ||
| - | \label{fig: | ||
| - | \end{figure} | ||
| - | \begin{figure}[!t] | + | {{: |
| - | \centering | + | |
| - | \includegraphics[width=2.5in]{UI} | + | |
| - | \caption{Android User Interface for the application that will communicate with the NRF51822 chip. The application is responsible for the waveform generation pattern and collecting data. The application is not bound to a particular device, it can connect to any device that match the specification} | + | |
| - | \label{fig: | + | |
| - | \end{figure} | + | High level design of the prototype that was used in experimentally determining which values of the signal parameters are crucial |
| + | {{: | ||
| - | \begin{center} | + | Android User Interface for the application that will communicate with the NRF51822 chip. The application is responsible for the waveform generation pattern and collecting data. The application is not bound to a particular device, it can connect to any device that match the specification |
| - | \begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c|c|c|} | + | |
| - | \hline | + | |
| - | &Pulse length&Frequency&Voltage&Voltage swing&Effect\\ | + | ==== Results from clinical test ==== |
| - | \hline | + | |
| - | 1&4 ms&0.1 Hz& 3.25 V& positive& N\\ | + | ^ |
| - | \hline | + | |1|4 ms|0.1 Hz|3.25 V|positive|N| |
| - | 2&4 ms&1 Hz& 3 V&positive& P\\ | + | |2|4 ms|1 Hz|3 V|positive|P| |
| - | \hline | + | |3|10 ms|1 Hz|3 V|positive|P| |
| - | 3&10 ms&1 Hz& 3 V&positive& P\\ | + | |4|10 ms|2 Hz|3 V|positive|P| |
| - | \hline | + | |5|4 ms|4 Hz|3 V|positive|P| |
| - | 4&10 ms&2 Hz& 3 V&positive& P\\ | + | |6|4 ms|8 Hz|3 V|positive|P| |
| - | \hline | + | |7|10 ms|8 Hz|3.25 V|positive|P| |
| - | 5&4 ms&4 Hz& 3 V&positive& P\\ | + | |8|10 ms|8 Hz|5 V|positive|P| |
| - | \hline | + | |9|10 ms|8 Hz|5 V|both |P| |
| - | 6&4 ms&8 Hz& 3 V&positive& P\\ | + | |
| - | \hline | + | |
| - | 7&10 ms&8 Hz& 3.25 V& positive& P\\ | + | |
| - | \hline | + | |
| - | 8&10 ms&8 Hz& 5 V&positive& P\\ | + | |
| - | \hline | + | |
| - | 9&10 ms&8 Hz& 5 V&both & P\\ | + | |
| - | \hline | + | |
| - | \end{tabular} | + | |
| - | Table 1 | + | |
| - | \end{center} | + | |
| In order to have the required results, with a minimum of energy expenditure we set out to find a signal pattern that produces a measurable response. | In order to have the required results, with a minimum of energy expenditure we set out to find a signal pattern that produces a measurable response. | ||
| We started by describing all possible signal parameters (see the waveform explanatory image), and implementing the control hardware and software in order to enable all of them. We considered that a sinusoid approximation is enough to stimulate the neurons without harming nearby tissue. The assumption was supported by the experiment description at [3]. | We started by describing all possible signal parameters (see the waveform explanatory image), and implementing the control hardware and software in order to enable all of them. We considered that a sinusoid approximation is enough to stimulate the neurons without harming nearby tissue. The assumption was supported by the experiment description at [3]. | ||
| - | Experimentally (table | + | Experimentally (table |
| + | |||
| + | ==== Dimensions and casing==== | ||
| - | \subsection{Dimensions and casing} | ||
| The device, once soldered will be stored in a bio-compatible metal cylinder casing, designed to provide protection and support. The casing will be attached similarly of a dental implant, inside the bone of the patient (3rd generation neuroelectrostimulation device). The casing is designed to provide the support and function of a real tooth, while not obstructing wireless communication. | The device, once soldered will be stored in a bio-compatible metal cylinder casing, designed to provide protection and support. The casing will be attached similarly of a dental implant, inside the bone of the patient (3rd generation neuroelectrostimulation device). The casing is designed to provide the support and function of a real tooth, while not obstructing wireless communication. | ||
| + | {{: | ||
| - | ===== Bib ====== | + | Design of the casing that will hold the device. Notice the fillet that allows for the upper part removal and the hole inside the upper cap that allows for wireless signal comunication |
| - | \begin{thebibliography}{1} | + | {{: |
| + | |||
| + | PCB design of the Microsal Embedded Device. Multiple pads are present in order to have add-on connection to the sensors, after the electrical components are soldered on | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Bibliography | ||
| - | \bibitem{workshop} | ||
| Workshop București 28.10.2016 Abordarea interdisciplinara a pacientului cu xerostomie; perspective actuale de diagnostic si tratament, PIM ed., Iasi, Romania, 2016. ISBN 978-606-13-3276-2. | Workshop București 28.10.2016 Abordarea interdisciplinara a pacientului cu xerostomie; perspective actuale de diagnostic si tratament, PIM ed., Iasi, Romania, 2016. ISBN 978-606-13-3276-2. | ||
| - | \bibitem{embeddedConf} | + | |
| Adrian Nitu, Dan Tudose, Dan Dragomir. (2016, Aug). Dental Implant With Contact Nano-Sensors for the Treatment of Xerostomia. Presented at RoEduNet | Adrian Nitu, Dan Tudose, Dan Dragomir. (2016, Aug). Dental Implant With Contact Nano-Sensors for the Treatment of Xerostomia. Presented at RoEduNet | ||
| - | \bibitem{electrostim} | + | |
| E. E. Harold Warner, E. David Martin, V. Speck, B. Nathan, | E. E. Harold Warner, E. David Martin, V. Speck, B. Nathan, | ||
| - | \bibitem{saliv_pacemaker} | ||
| - | Porter SR, Konttinen YT. Fedele S1, Wolff A, Strietzel F, López RM. Neuroelectrostimulation in treatment of hyposalivation and xerostomia in sjögren’s syndrome: a salivary pacemaker. http:// | ||
| - | \end{thebibliography} | ||
| + | Porter SR, Konttinen YT. Fedele S1, Wolff A, Strietzel F, López RM. Neuroelectrostimulation in treatment of hyposalivation and xerostomia in sjögren’s syndrome: a salivary pacemaker. http:// | ||
| - | ===== Log ===== | ||
| + | ===== Working on ====== | ||
| - | ^ Week ^ Done ^ Learned | + | ==== UI improve ==== |
| - | | Week 6 (6.2-12.2)| Created wiki page | | | + | |
| - | | ::: | Discussions about future features with Dan Dragomir | ::: | | + | |
| - | + | ||
| + | Current pain points: | ||
| + | * create profiles for the stimulation parameters for each patient | ||
| + | * add UI method other than typing to update stimulation parameters | ||
| + | * create number of repetitions linked with TT | ||
| + | * draw how the signal will look | ||
| + | * show all patients, even the inactive ones | ||
| + | * tabbed ui for patients | ||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | ==== Refactor the characteristics ==== | ||
| + | Current pain points: | ||
| + | * add a time characteristic | ||
| + | * add historical data download characteristic, | ||
| + | * will use a compression scheme | ||
| + | ===== Log ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ^ Week ^ Done ^ Learned | ||
| + | | Week 6 (6.2-12.2)| Created wiki page | | | ||
| + | | ::: | Discussions about future features with Dan Dragomir | ::: | | ||
| + | | Week 10 (6.3-12.3)| Sync -- Research direction meeting with DD| | | ||
| + | | ::: | Wiki -- Updated wiki page with the next features | ::: | | ||
| + | | ::: | Android UI -- Refactored Lookup activity to display all patients, improved the internal design of the application | ::: | | ||
| + | | ::: | UI redesign at 25% | ::: | | ||
| + | | Week 12 (20.3-26.3)| Android UI -- Refactored Tooth Options Activity to render how the signal will look, improved the internal design of the application| | ||
| + | | ::: | UI redesign at 75% | ::: | | ||
| ===== Resources ===== | ===== Resources ===== | ||
| https:// | https:// | ||
proiecte/microsal.1486652249.txt.gz · Last modified: 2017/02/09 16:57 by adrian.nitu
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